Lesbian feminism saw a rejection of the butch-femme dynamic and therefore femme identity. The irony of social change has made a radical, sexual, political statement of the 1950s appear today a reactionary, non feminist experience." 1970s and 80s, and rejection of femme during lesbian feminism Because they were so visible, they suffered the brunt of street violence. Nestle states that they publicly declared same-sex love between women at a time when there was no liberation movement to support or protect them, and adds that "in the 1950s particularly, butch-femme couples were the front-line warriors against sexual bigotry.
In Nestle's text on femme identity, "The Femme Question", she challenges this commonly held belief by stating that butch-femme relationships are "filled with a deeply lesbian language of stance, dress, gesture, love, courage and autonomy." Arlene Istar Lev argues that through their subversive appropriation of heteronormative gender roles, these identities were considered "complex erotic and social statements" rooted in "gendered erotic identities". Bridges state that the terms butch and femme are derived from the 1940s-1950s American lesbian communities following World War II "when women joined the work force and began wearing pants, creating the possibility for the development of a butch aesthetic and gender expression within gay women's communities." They state that "the butch-femme culture made lesbians visible for the first time." įemme lesbian scholar Joan Nestle describes the femme lesbian identity as being underrepresented in historical records, with femme women having been often attacked for passing as straight while also being accused of imitating heteronormativity for pairing with a butch partner. Hence, the adoption of femme by the 1990s may be considered a re-adoption by the same community following the distinction between lesbians and bisexual women and the lesbian separatist movement of the 1970s. It has however also been argued by bi+ and other queer activists that since the term bisexual is relatively newer than lesbian, bisexual women historically formed part of the lesbian community and thus used the term femme as a sub-group of lesbians. By the 1990s, the term femme had additionally been adopted by bisexual women. Derived from American lesbian communities following World War II when women joined the work force, the identity became a characteristic of the working class lesbian bar culture of the 1940s–1950s. masculine) lesbian counterparts and partners. Heavily associated with lesbian history and culture, femme has been used among lesbians to distinguish traditionally feminine lesbians from their butch (i.e. Alternate meanings of the word also exist with some non-lesbian individuals using the word, notably some gay men, bisexuals, non-binary, and transgender individuals. Journal of Lesbian Studies (1997–present)įemme lesbian at 2019 New York City Pride.įemme ( / f ɛ m/ French:, literally meaning "woman") is a term traditionally used to describe a lesbian who exhibits a feminine identity or gender presentation.Amazones d'Hier, Lesbiennes d'Aujourd'hui (1982–present).Onyx: Black Lesbian Newsletter (1982–1984).Azalea: A Magazine by Third World Lesbians (1977–1983).Your Silence Will Not Protect You (2017).Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold (1993).The Straight Mind and Other Essays (1992).
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